Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder.  It occurs when certain nerve cells (neurons) in a part of the brain die or become impaired. Normally, these cells produce a vital chemical known as dopamine.

Dopamine allows smooth, coordinated function of the body's muscles and movement.  When approximately 80% of the dopamine-producing cells are damaged, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease appear.

What are the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

The loss of dopamine production in the brain causes the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease.  The key signs of Parkinson's disease are:

• Tremor (shaking)
• Slowness of movement
• Rigidity (stiffness)
• Difficulty with balance

Other signs of Parkinson's disease may include:

• Small, cramped handwriting
• Stiff facial expression
• Shuffling walk
• Muffled speech
• Depression

How is Parkinson's disease diagnosed?

The process of making a Parkinson's disease diagnosis can be difficult. There is no X-ray or blood test that can confirm Parkinson's disease.  A physician arrives at the diagnosis only after a thorough examination.  Blood tests and brain scans known as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to rule out other conditions that have similar symptoms.  People suspected of having Parkinson's disease should consider seeking the care of a neurologist who specializes in Parkinson's disease.